As genealogists, we seek historical records to help us piece together the stories of our ancestors’ lives. However, finding the records is only half of the equation where solid genealogical research is concerned. The second half includes analysis and correlation of the evidence each document provides. Examining all sources, information items, and evidence that help us answer our research objective is one component of meeting the Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS).1
Evidence analysis is the process by which we determine the reliability of the evidence. Looking at records with an analytical eye can help us form valid conclusions and resolve conflicts that may arise as we research. Evidence analysis begins by assessing the physical condition of each record and making note of such aspects as legibility. Is it possible to misinterpret what the record says because time or damage has affected its state?2 Next, determine the source’s internal and external consistency. Do parts of the source agree or disagree with one another? How does each record compare with other records in the same collection?3
In addition to the physical condition and consistency of the record, genealogists need to be able to answer three important questions:
- When and how was the source created?
- Who provided the information for the source?
- Do the facts in the source directly or indirectly answer the research question?
In this series, we will take an in-depth look into how to determine the answers to each of these questions. We will then talk about how evidence analysis can help us overcome conflicts in our research. Finally, we will wrap up with three short case studies that illustrate these concepts.
Evidence analysis is a very important skill to add to your genealogy tool kit. I hope you will enjoy learning more about these concepts over the next few weeks.
- Board for Certification of Genealogists, Genealogy Standards, second edition revised (Nashville, TN: Ancestry, 2021), 1-2.
- Board for Certification of Genealogists, Genealogy Standards, second edition revised (Nashville, TN: Ancestry, 2021), 21-22.
- Board for Certification of Genealogists, Genealogy Standards, second edition revised (Nashville, TN: Ancestry, 2021), 22.
